St. Marks itself hosted smaller fortifications to defend the estuary and river access, serving as a waypoint for explorers, soldiers, and traders moving between the Gulf Coast and interior settlements. Its location made it a critical link in Spain’s Gulf Coast network.
British Occupation and Transition
Following the Treaty of Paris in 1763, Britain acquired Florida, including the St. Marks region. The British period introduced new trade practices, expanded timber and naval stores production, and encouraged settlement by English-speaking colonists.
The Apalachee population continued to decline due to disease, displacement, and conflict. British influence, though short-lived, left an imprint on land tenure, commerce, and regional governance structures.
Return to Spanish Control and 19th Century Challenges
Spain regained control of Florida in 1783, but its hold on the territory was weak, with limited military presence and sporadic settlement. St. Marks remained a modest port and fishing community, serving as a gateway for inland trade and providing resources for Spanish outposts.
Economic activity was largely agricultural, including small-scale farming, cattle ranching, and timber harvesting. Local settlers adapted to a fluctuating political environment, often relying on self-sufficiency and community networks shutdown123